Anibal Troilo, Buenos Aires, Christian Baldini, Tanto

Victor Lavallén en diálogo con Christian Baldini

El próximo 5 de Agosto (de 2022) tendré el placer de dirigir la Orquesta Nacional de Música Argentina “Juan de Dios Filiberto”, en un programa que presenta obras de Victor Lavallén y de María Laura Antonelli. “Lavallén Sinfónico” es una Suite sinfónica con 11 tangos de este gran compositor y bandoneonista que ha tocado con todos los grandes, incluyendo sus 10 años como arreglador y bandoneonista de Osvaldo Pugliese. Diego Schissi ha realizado estos arreglos sinfónicos, y tendremos al Quinteto Lavallén como solistas al frente de la orquesta (Victor Lavallén, Diego Schissi, Juan Pablo Navarro, Guillermo Rubino y Alejandro Bruschini). Nos hemos sentado a conversar con el Maestro Victor Lavallén (quien a sus 86 años muy humildemente me insiste que por favor lo trate de “vos”) para charlar sobre este interesantísimo proyecto y música en general. Debajo están las respuestas.

Comienzo esta entrevista comentándole al Maestro Lavallén que hace pocos días, almorzando con mi amigo Juan Pablo Jofré (luego de habernos presentado juntos con la Orquesta Sinfónica Nacional en Buenos Aires), le comenté del proyecto que haríamos con Victor. Juan Pablo es un gran bandoneonista y compositor argentino que vive en los Estados Unidos hace unos 15 años, y que trabaja por todo el mundo. Cuando le conté del concierto con Victor Lavallén, Juan Pablo me dijo “No te puedo creer! Victor es el más grande. El mejor de todos. Nos pasa el trapo a todos.” Esa humildad de Juan Pablo está totalmente en coincidencia con la gran humildad que tiene el Maestro Lavallén, quien es realmente una parte viviente de nuestra cultura musical como argentinos, y como amantes del tango.

Christian Baldini: Querido Victor, contame por favor acerca de tu experiencia no solamente como uno de los más grandes virtuosos del bandoneón, sino también como arreglador de varias de las grandes orquestas de tango, incluída la de Pugliese!

Victor Lavallén: Si bueno, yo te digo, yo comencé a los 14 años a trabajar profesionalmente. En la década del ’50 había muy pocos músicos. Yo había estudiado en Rosario primero con mi tío, y después en Buenos Aires con Eladio Blanco, que tocaba con D’Arienzo. Al año o algo así me puso en una orquesta. Cuando me pusieron la música delante, yo empecé a llenar todos los silencios. “Pibe venga”, me dijeron. No se tuteaba antes. Yo tenía 14 años pero parecía que tenía 18. Me dicen “Usted se dió cuenta que no dió una, no?”  Y ahí me echaron. Pero una semana después me llamó mi maestro y me dijo que en la orquesta no conseguían a nadie entonces me llamaron a mí. Entré y me quedé dos años. Era muy difícil ehh… Había cosas como con siete bemoles para solo de bandoneón… 

Después de ahí empecé con Miguel Caló. Ahí estaba Julián Plaza, estaba Bajour. Después con Atilio Stampone. Y con Franchini. Todo lo que está grabado lo grabé yo. Y con el flaco Paz. 

Christian Baldini: Cuando yo le cuente a mi viejo todo esto no lo va a poder creer. A mi viejo le gusta muchísimo el tango y conoce mucho de su historia.

Victor Lavallén: Y si… te digo, yo estaba en un momento en cinco orquestas. Me levantaba a las 10am y volvía a las 5am. Estuve con un montón, hasta que después… un día me fui a Radio El Mundo. Y me encontré con Romero, el pianista de Pugliese. Me pidió que pusiera mi nombre. Había tipos muy conocidos, que eran carteles. A la semana me llamaron a mí. Me citan en la radio, Radio Splendid. Me preguntaron: “usted escribe”, y yo dije que sí, aunque en realidad no había hecho casi nada. Y me pidieron que hiciera un arreglo de “Gallo ciego”. Y bueno, dije. Pero yo no estaba en la onda todavía. Y le digo, che, como hago acá? Y le preguntaba a Ruggiero y a Pitani, y a todos les pedía ayuda para hacer el arreglo. Y salió. Zafó. Después me dice Sergio Maciel, por ahí vamos a Rusia, y necesito que me hagas un arreglo del tango “El pañuelito”. Y con ese ya me mandé solo. Y cuando volvimos de Rusia, el éxito era “El pañuelito”.

Y en ese interín, se va De Marco. Y me preguntan a mí, y lo recomendé a Julián Plaza. Ellos no querían carteles. Por eso me habían contratado a mí que no me conocía nadie! Y después empecé a estudiar. Estudié con Rovira, estudié con el Maestro Nistal, ahí por Congreso. Después con Juan Carlos Cirigliano. Pero yo ya sabía para ese entonces. Yo con Pugliese probaba todo. Y a veces me decía “pero pibe, no se piante”, porque yo me rajaba. Estuve 10 años con Pugliese.

Después en el sexteto, con Osvaldo Ruggiero. Estuve con un montón de orquestas.

Después apareció Forever Tango. Juntos con Marconi, estabamos en la televisión y nos fuimos tres veces a Londres. Con Walter Ríos. Había dos orquestas, en Londres y en San Francisco. Y Ríos se fue y me puse a dirigir esa orquesta 18 años. Y después estuve a cargo de la orquesta escuela. (la Emilio Balcarce)

Después grabé lo mío, con Luis Bravo.

CB: Y con la orquesta escuela cuántos años ha estado?

VL: Desde el 2011. Primero estaba Emilio Balcarce. Después vino Marconi. Y después de Marconi me llamaron a mí, y estoy desde el 2011.

CB: Y aparte es una orquesta impresionante a la cual viene gente a formarse en la tradición tanguera de todo el mundo, verdad? Yo conozco a una pianista Coreana (Sumi Lee) que vive en San Francisco y que vino a hacer la orquesta escuela. Ahora conozco a un Puertorriqueño (Ishtar Hernandez) que también está haciendo el programa. Cómo sucede esto?

VL: Suena una barbaridad, son todos buenos músicos, y aparte son todos pibes jóvenes, que vienen de todos lados! Venite a un ensayo! 

CB: Me encantaría, cuando?

VL: Venite el miércoles 3.

CB: Perfecto, muchas gracias! 

VL: Hoy me tuve que levantar a las siete y no dormí nada (para llegar a tiempo al ensayo con la Orquesta Nacional de Música Argentina)

CB: Una pregunta importante: el tango, que significa para vos?

VL: El tango es todo para mí! Yo nací en una familia de tango, en Rosario y mi papá tenía una orquesta de tango. Mis tíos eran todos músicos. El tango para mí es lo máximo.

Pero yo al principio, vivía en Gorriti y Bustamente. Y a una cuadra vivía el gordo Pichuco. Y yo tocaba la trompeta, me gustaba mucho el jazz. Pero a mi mamá le llenaron la cabeza que era peligroso, y no era bueno para los pulmones. Con lo del bandoneón también trataron de convencerla que era malo. Pero después me fuí a Rosario a estudiar con mi tío, y cuando volví, arranqué con Eladio Blanco. Yo tengo 86!

CB: Qué consejos le darías a la gente joven que está arrancando y tratando de iniciarse en una carrera en el tango?

VL: Yo pienso que está bien, que tienen que estudiar como hacen ahora, que antes no se estudiaba tanto. Pero tienen que fijarse en no desvirtuar el género. Entonces hacen todos Piazzolla o más que Piazzolla. Y Piazzolla es melódico aparte. Los que son muy contemporáneos no se entiende nada. Hay que investigar y escuchar mucho. A las orquestas. Las orquestas de antes eran muy modernas. Parece que son las de ahora. Hay que escuchar a Miguel Caló, Franchini, Osvaldo Pugliese. Era muy avanzado. 

CB: Cómo lo describiría a Pugliese?

VL: La idea de Pugliese era muy avanzada. Esa yo también la hubiera querido hacer. Tener una orquesta pero que escribieran todos. Encontrarle una forma. Lo que hizo Pugliese. Por la forma de él, todos fueron a parar ahí. Después había muchos que ponían lo propio. Julián Plaza, Ruggiero, yo, Balcarce, y también Julio Carrasco que era un violinista que no era muy conocido. Pero el tipo sabía un montón. Yo le preguntaba todo a él al principio.Los pibes de ahora me gustan mucho. Les interesa el género. No lo toman como una cosa así nomás. Vas a ver como te va a gustar el ensayo. Me gustaría que vinieras.


CB: Y por supuesto que voy a ir, ahí nos vemos! Maestro, ha sido un placer impresionante. Me siento muy privilegiado de estar colaborando juntos en este hermoso programa que presenta tus tangos con vos mismo como solista.

VL: Que gusto che, encantado, y va a salir muy bien esto!

Victor Lavallén

Victor Lavallén

Nació en Rosario, provincia de Santa Fe. Debieron pasar algo más de cincuenta años para que decidiera dejar de ser «un muchacho de la orquesta», ocupando un lugar en la línea de bandoneones. En varias oportunidades declaró ser persona de bajo perfil, quizás el ideal para ser invitado por algunos directores como refuerzo para las grabaciones o, como ocurre en la actualidad, ser el director de la Orquesta Escuela Emilio Balcarce, o bien director de la Orquesta de la Municipalidad de Lomas de Zamora (ciudad colindante a la ciudad de Buenos Aires).

Qué mejor para los muchachos que tenerlo a él como maestro. Pero este tanguero no comenzó con la mirada puesta en el fueye sino en la trompeta y, sus oídos, en el jazz. Por suerte cerca suyo, rondaba un tío bandoneonista que trabajaba en orquestas rosarinas, Héctor Chera, hermano de su padre Luis (director de orquesta), quien no sólo lo entusiasmó con el instrumento sino que le enseñó y lo fue formando.

Con muy poca experiencia se largó a Buenos Aires con no más de catorce años y, en el Picadilly, aquel local que estaba en el subsuelo de la calle Corrientes casi Paraná, consigue ingresar en una agrupación pequeña llamada Los Serrano, a cargo de un señor Eduardo Serrano que lo despidió al poco tiempo.

Más adelante fue a estudiar, durante largos meses, con Eladio Blanco, músico de Juan D’Arienzo. Ya con mejor respuesta, volvió a la orquesta de Serrano y permaneció a su lado un par de años. Durante aquel tiempo de estudio alternó en la agrupación de Antonio Arcieri —violinista decareano que falleció poco después, el 5 de mayo de 1952—, y en la de Lorenzo Barbero.

Desde 1951 hasta 1954, estuvo con Miguel Caló, que incluyó una recordada gira por tierra brasileña y también grabaciones. Es digna de elogio su participación en varios discos, entre los que podemos citar a “En fa menor” (de Roberto Caló) y “El chamuyo” (de Francisco Canaro).

Sin obedecer un orden cronológico, es importante citar su tránsito por las orquestas de Ángel DomínguezMiguel NijensohnEnrique Francini y Joaquín Do Reyes. Fue primer bandoneón del pianista Juan José Paz cuando acompañó a Elsa Rivas, en su plenitud como cancionista; también ocupó ese lugar con Atilio Stampone e integró la formación que acompañaba a Armando Laborde y Alberto Echagüe, en el breve lapso que estuvieron fuera de la orquesta de D’Arienzo.

Hubo otros trabajos hasta que llegó el momento de su consagración definitiva cuando, en 1958, ingresó a las filas de Osvaldo Pugliese, para integrar la inolvidable línea de bandoneones junto a Osvaldo RuggieroJulián PlazaIsmael Spitalnik y Arturo Penón.

Fueron diez años de músico y arreglador, inmerso totalmente en el estilo y el espíritu del maestro. Alguna vez me comentó que Pugliese insistía a sus músicos que intentaran componer y hacer sus arreglos, a fin que la orquesta no resultara monótona. Era una forma de que, sin perder su particular secuencia rítmica, pudiera escucharse algo nuevo. Y así fue. Cada uno aportó lo suyo, y es posible que esa haya sido la causa por la que don Osvaldo siguiera tan vigente hasta su fallecimiento.

En cuanto a esta modalidad impuesta por Pugliese a sus muchachos respecto a los arreglos, Víctor me contó que generó algunos pequeños disturbios: «Como todos opinaban, ocurrían discusiones fuertes, varios tenían su trabajo hecho y no lo podíamos escuchar porque dos o tres decían que el que corría era el de Emilio Balcarce o el de Penón, por ejemplo, y uno que había hecho el suyo se quedaba con bronca. Ahora si yo con mi orquesta tuviera mucho trabajo me gustaría que los músicos compusieran y arreglaran porque así se irían formando». Y más adelante agregó: «hoy las orquestas se acabaron, de las que llevan años en la lucha están la de Leopoldo Federico y Rodolfo Mederos y alguna otra reciente, pero se trabaja poco, o son contratados para eventos especiales o para el turismo, no hay campo de acción y el baile, que sí funciona, se arregla con discos».

Volviendo al repaso de su trayectoria, llegamos al año 1968. Pugliese estaba enfermo y había otras cuestiones. Alguno de sus muchachos comenzaron a reunirse para tocar como sexteto y, en poco tiempo, sobrevino la retirada definitiva. Así nació el Sexteto Tango.

Ruggiero y Lavallén (bandoneones), Emilio Balcarce y Oscar Herrero (violines), Alcides Rossi (contrabajo), Julián Plaza (piano) —al que llegó después de tantos años portando el bandoneón— y el cantor Jorge Maciel.

Estuvo 19 años consecutivos con el sexteto, hasta que decidió retirarse. A partir de ese momento, participó en dos formaciones: la Orquesta Municipal del Tango entonces dirigida por Carlos García y Raúl Garello y la Orquesta Color Tango junto a Roberto Álvarez (bandoneón), Carlos Piccione y Fernando Rodríguez (violines), Amílcar Tolosa (contrabajo), Roberto Cicaré (piano) y Juan Carlos Zunini (tecladista).

Luego participó en el espectáculo Forever tango, con un grupo de músicos, cantores y bailarines, que recorrió Estados Unidos y Canadá. El director orquestal era Lisandro Adrover, y el cantor, nuestro amigo Alfredo Sáez.

En 2007, y dirigiendo su propia orquesta, graba un disco con el título, Amanecer ciudadano, editado por el sello EPSA que contiene diez temas, combinando tangos clásicos y páginas propias como: “Amanecer ciudadano”, “Meridional”, “A la sombra del fueye”, “Mistongueando” y “De norte a sur”.

En el 2010, hizo su segunda producción discográfica con el titulo Buenosaireando, junto a Alejandro Bruschini (bandoneón), Pablo Estigarribia (piano), Silvio Acosta (contrabajo) y Washington Williman (violín). El compacto tiene 12 temas, en los que se destacan dos composiciones suyas: “Buenosaireando” y “Romance de primavera”.

Concerto, Dance, Experimental, Music, Symphony Orchestra, Tango

Composer Profile: Ann Cleare in Conversation with Christian Baldini

In preparation for our performance of her orchestral work phôsphors (… of ether) at the Mondavi Center (UC Davis), I had the pleasure of asking composer Ann Cleare a few questions about her music. Below are the answers:
Christian Baldini: First of all, congratulations on the recently announced success of your Ernst von Siemens Prize! This is such exciting news, and so very richly deserved for someone with your sense of imagination, refined sonic creations and unusual sensitivity. And thank you very much for agreeing to answer some questions for us. Do you consider yourself a quintessentially Irish composer? And if so, can you tell us more about how this might have influenced your upbringing, and your music in particular?
Ann Cleare: I’m not sure that I know what a quintessential Irish composer is! Being a composer in Ireland is a relatively new profession – Ireland didn’t have a Bach or Beethoven or Brahms. The country has a history of being the land of Saints and Scholars, and has produced some incredibly talented writers of words, but the writing of music is a much newer activity. In this sense, I don’t carry the weight of tradition that composers of other countries often do. I have always thought of composing as a place where I must define the territory and create my own rules, which then govern the structure of a piece. Unlike many people, the distinction between music, sound, silence, and noise has never been so great for me. I grew up playing tonal music but always felt confined by the limits of its language and thought that there was so much timbral and structural potential to be explored in the everyday sonorities around me, whether mechanical or natural. I don’t see any of this as being a particularly Irish approach, but somehow, being at a distance from the overbearing tradition that composers of other countries have to contend with, has allowed me to create my own sense of what music is or can be.
  
 
CB: You talk about 3 islands and a “composite” in your piece phôsphors (… of ether) – the timber, register and harmonic qualities of each of these groups affects the way you structure the piece. Can you tell us more about this?
AC: Yes, the differing timbre, registers, and harmonic qualities are in aid of distinguishing these three instrumental “islands” from each other – these are technical approaches to creating a sense of individual layers or places within a piece, and then a fourth ‘floating’ island navigates these three and draws out elements or matter that bring the islands into dialogue or exchange.
 
CB: Who would you say are some of the composers (in music history, or living ones) that have had a deep impact on your own music, and why?
AC: Probably the work of Iannis Xenakis. One of the most fiercely original musical minds of the 20th century, Xenakis held a multifaceted career as a composer, architect, and mathematician, and from these influences imagined and created sound in a way that no one else ever has. Particularly his piece Dämmerschein, which is like a ferocious natural force unleashed on the orchestral stage.
 
 
CB: Who are some important people that have inspired you in your education and training? Are there any people that you think you will will always be grateful to, and why?
AC: I love the W.B. Yeats quote that “education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire”. There are a lot of people that I have studied with who have helped light lasting fires with me! In particular, Chaya Czernowin, one of my teachers at Harvard, who showed me the unseen depths of the worlds that I was exploring and how much further I could dig in to make them even more vivid. She also taught me to never rest on my laurels – that once a piece is written, it’s written, and it’s then necessary to move on and find new territory and new challenges.
 
CB: In your opinion, what is the role of art, and music more specifically in society nowadays? 
AC: I think that art should both challenge and reflect the world we live in – I believe that’s what it’s for. It saddens me when my work or work that I admire is described as high brow or inaccessible, when from my point of view, it’s dealing with the most universal of ideas and attempting to communicate them in a sincere way. When asked if my music is too challenging or harrowing for a listener, which it is often described as, I suggest that if you want to pretend the world is a lovely, comfortable place, then stay at home and find something mind-numbing to watch on TV (which, of course, there’s a time and place for…). I work and think hard about how I can make my ideas clear to a listener, to invite them into the experience, but not in a way that compromises or simplifies the complexity of the situation in question, and life is difficult and complex, art isn’t the place to escape from this.
 
CB: Sometimes we read or hear dooming comments that classical/symphonic music audiences are getting smaller and smaller or that only old people listen to concerts. Do you believe in this, and if so, what should or could be done to reverse this trend and invigorate our audiences?
AC: I sway between thinking that the concert hall is a wonderful thing, a unique place of concentration and community, to feeling straight-jacketed and claustrophobic by its expectations of an audience, who it often seems aren’t really considered in the experience. I would love to see more music happen outside of concert hall practices. I can imagine audiences still being capable of actively listening but without the confinement of concert hall behaviour. Programming needs attention too, as often, particularly with programmes of contemporary music, pieces that are programmed together that have absolutely nothing to do with each other, and contradict, rather than compliment each other. Would you go to see three or four different plays in a night? How confusing and overwhelming would this be? Yet several pieces of music are often squeezed into a few hours at a concert hall – making for a very confused experience for an audience. If we want audiences to be interested in the concert hall, we need to reconsider the many antiquated practices that don’t serve it well anymore.
 
CB: What do you seek to achieve with every new piece that you write? What is your main motivation for writing music?
AC: the music I write feels like a type of first language to me – I can express in sound what I often fail to express in words. Composing is where my fullest form of expression finds its outlet. Each piece encourages a listener to contemplate the complexity of the lives we exist within, exploring ideas of communication, transformation, and perception.
 
 
CB: Thank you very much for your time and for answering these questions in such a candid manner. We very much look forward to sharing your captivating music with our audiences here in Davis!
ann_miller_highres2-e1529570225165

Ann Cleare is an Irish composer working in the areas of concert music, opera, extended sonic environments, and hybrid instrumental design. Her work explores the static and sculptural nature of sound, probing the extremities of timbre, texture, colour, and form. She creates highly psychological and corporeal sonic spaces that encourage a listener to contemplate the complexity of the lives we exist within, exploring poetries of communication, transformation, and perception.

A recipient of a 2019 Ernst von Siemens Composer Prize, her work has been commissioned and presented by major broadcasters such as the BBC, NPR, ORF, RTÉ, SWR, WDR for festivals such as Gaudeamus Week, The Wittenertage fur Neue Kammermusik, International Music Institute Darmstadt, Bludenzer Tage zeitgemäßer Musik, IMATRONIC Festival of Electronic Music at ZKM, MATA Festival, Taschenopernfestival, Sound Reasons Festival in India, Shanghai New Music Week, Transit Belgium, GAIDA, Totally Huge New Music in Perth, Trattorie Parma, Rainy Days in Luxembourg, Huddersfield Contemporary Music Festival, and Ultraschall. Through working with some of the most progressive musicians of our time, she has established a reputation for creating innovative forms of music, both in its presentation, and within the music itself. She has worked with groups such as Ensemble SurPlus, 175 East, The Crash Ensemble, The Callithumpian Consort, Quatuor Diotima, The International Contemporary Ensemble, The Chiara String Quartet, Collegium Novum Zürich, ELISION, The National Symphony Orchestra of Ireland, Divertimento Ensemble, JACK Quartet, Ensemble Apparat, Ensemble Nikel, The Curious Chamber Players, Yarn/Wire, ensemble mosaik, The Experimental Ensemble of the SWR Studios, Talea Ensemble, österreichisches ensemble für neue music, The BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra, ensemble recherche, TAK, Vertixe Sonore, Ensemble Garage, Argento Chamber Ensemble, The Fidelio Trio, oh ton-ensemble, Distractfold, Longleash Trio, and soloists such as Carol McGonnell, Richard Craig, Heather Roche, Bill Schimmel, Benjamin Marks, Patrick Stadler, Carlos Cordeiro, Ryan Muncy, Richard Haynes, William Lang, Laura Cocks, Lina Andonovska, Samuel Stoll, and Callum G’Froerer.

Recent projects have focused on creating experiential environments where sound is given a visual as well as sonic dimension, such works include eyam i-v, a series of five attacca pieces, centred around clarinet and flute writing in various solo, ensemble, electronic, and orchestral settings, spanning just over two hours of music that is continuously transformed in shape, time, and motion around the listener; rinn, a time travel chamber opera involving a multichannel sonic sculpture that the singers and actors wear, interact with, and are amplified by; spatially choreographed chamber pieces such as I should live in wires for leaving you behindanchor me to the land, and on magnetic fields; a newly-designed instrument that a musician simultaneously wears and plays in eölsurface stations, multi-layered theatre involving the staging of extended brass instruments, vocal ensemble, and visuals.

Current and future projects include new works for Ekmeles and solo trombonist William Lang, Liminalities – a collaboration with ensemble mosaik and visual artist Anna Rún Tryggvadottir in Reykjavik and Berlin, a chamber orchestra piece for Ensemblekollektiv Berlin, a series of songs for voice and piano for The Irish Art Song Project, an evening-length work for ELISION, a video opera version of her opera rinn, and the creation of an outdoor musical playground for children with sculptor Brian Byrne.

Ann studied at University College Cork, IRCAM, and holds a Ph.D. from Harvard University. Her scores are published by Project Schott New York and she is represented by the Contemporary Music Centre, Ireland (CMC).  She is Assistant Professor of Music and Media Technologies at Trinity College Dublin. As an artistic collaborator with Dublin Sound Lab, she will work on developing their programming and production of electronic music over the coming years. Ann is Projects Officer with Sounding the Feminists (#STF), a collective championing principles of equality, fairness, inclusivity, and diversity in Irish musical life.

 

Cello, Concerto, Dance, Music, Tango, Uncategorized

Soloist Profile: Anssi Karttunen in conversation with Christian Baldini

In preparation for our performance of Peter Lieberson’s “The Six Realms” (for cello and orchestra), I had the occasion of asking our wonderful soloist Anssi Karttunen a few questions:

Christian Baldini: Anssi, what a treat to get to perform this piece with you as our soloist, thank you so much for joining us! This will be the first time that this piece will be performed without the cello being amplified, is that correct? You were very good friends with Peter Lieberson, so can you tell us the history behind the reason for this piece being published for amplified cello, despite the composer’s wishes?

Anssi Karttunen: I know exactly what must have happened at the first performance with Yo-Yo Ma because the same thing has happened to me with other first performances. There is no piece more difficult for balance than a cello concerto. Nowadays there is mostly very little time to rehearse for any orchestral piece and the one aspect that takes time to sort out is balance. So it sometimes happens that in order for the cello to be heard in the first performance one has to ask for a discreet amplification. Usually in the following performances the composer can work out the problematic passages. That is exactly what happened in Toronto, the only problem being that it was then published as a piece for amplified cello and orchestra which was not Peter’s original idea. When I suggested that we take a look at the dynamics together in order to make a version that can be performed and rehearsed in normal time he was delighted. We were both convinced that Six Realms would work very well with some small revisions which he was going to do himself. Unfortunately he got very ill and wrote to me some time later that he would not able to finish the work but that he trusted I would make the right decisions. A few months later he passed away, it has taken 8 years to find the right conditions for this performance.

CB: This work is based on some Buddhist principles, and the concept that (in Lieberson’s own words) “differing states of mind and emotions colour our view of the world and shape human experience”. We know Lieberson was a Buddhist, but can you develop on this and how it might have affected his compositional output?

AK: I don’t think Peter is trying to give us a lecture on the Buddhist idea of cycle of rebirths through six realms, but as it was for him a very concrete and deep belief it gave him a story thread to follow and to tell through his music. There is a universality in the message of the piece that does not require knowledge on Buddhism. The movement through different stages of existence and emotional states can be felt and received either concretely or as an abstraction. The sincerity of Peter’s relation to his own music and his beliefs is there for all of us to feel.

The Six Realms is structured as follows:

1. The Sorrow of the World (introduction)
2. The Hell Realm (aggression: acute, self-perpetuating anger at the world and ourselves)
3. The Hungry Ghost Realm (passion: the need to possess or continually consume; we are never satisfied because we can never get enough)
4. The Animal Realm (ignorance: an obsessive need to control or to find security)
5. The Human Realm (passion: the desire for something better, and a lessening of self-absorption, allows for the possibility of our becoming dignified humans who long for liberation from these six realms of existence. It is only from this realm that we are able to move on to achieve Enlightenment: the right way to view, and interact with, the world.)
6. The God Realm (ignorance: blissful self-absorption of our godlike powers, until doubt sets in and shatters our confidence) and The Jealous God Realm (aggression: extreme paranoia and competitive drive; we never trust anyone or their motives)

CB: What is so very special to you about this piece, and, are you hoping that now that we finally perform it without amplification (with some of the edits that you did with PL before he died), it will finally become a staple of the Cello Concerto repertoire?

AK: The important thing is not that we play it with or without amplification, it is simply that the piece gets heard again. It often happens even to masterpieces that for one reason or another they do not receive the success they deserve immediately and need to wait for their moment. I sincerely think that this is one of the great American concertos and there are not too many of those for any instrument. At the same time it is not merely American, it is a universal piece. Peter didn’t want his music to sound American or Buddhist, he followed the principle of « being brave enough to experience existence without dogma or belief of any kind ». I hope we can bring justice to this wonderful piece.

CB: You have given the world premiere of over 180 works (and counting), and have worked with some of the most celebrated composers of our time such as Esa-Pekka Salonen, Luca Francesconi, Kaija Saariaho, and Pascal Dusapin. Can you tell us why it is so important to actively promote the works of living composers?

AK:There are three main reasons why working with living composers is essential for us performers:

– Firstly: Music has changed a lot during history but the work of a composer has remained essentially the same, It still starts with an empty page and through their own individual battles composers manage to put down on paper the closest approximation of their music that notation allows. Knowing how different composers work today is the best way to imagine how composers worked earlier, how they all are different and have very different priorities for us performers.

– Secondly: There is nothing more exciting than being part of the creative process. The moment when a piece is born. Being the first messenger who allow an audience to discover a new creation is a priceless opportunity.

– Thirdly: The work of a performer is ephemeral. Nothing remains of a concert, sometimes a recording, but often not event that. CDs exist, but recordings often fall out of fashion and our work is eventually forgotten. The only legacy we can leave behind are the pieces that we were able to inspire composers to compose. So through these pieces which will survive in the hands of other performers a little bit of my happy moments will survive for future generations.

CB: Can you share with us some interesting, amusing or charming anecdotes of your life as a touring musician, traveling around the world working with wonderful musicians from all walks of life?

AK: Friends are what is the most interesting, charming and amusing thing about the life of a traveling musician. And coming back to places to meet the friends again. Sometimes one meets a person that marks your life and never meet them again. Sometimes a surprising place or friend accompanies you throughout the rest of your life. One such place is Davis; when I first came here 20 years ago I had no idea that a recording Pablo Ortiz played for me of Piazzolla and Troilo led us to a collaboration that has produced now already two CDs and countless pieces and concerts. And Davis itself became a place were I am now coming for my fourth visit, each time with a completely different project. Another such person was Peter Lieberson, I only met him on two occasions, but our bond was so strong that we became very close and he and his music has accompanied me far beyond his passing.

CB: Wow, that is amazing to hear. Now changing completely the subject, and dreaming big, tell us, if you were appointed Artistic Director of a Music Festival with unlimited resources, and you had to choose the programming for 3 symphonic programs (with unlimited choices of soloists, orchestras, choirs, conductors), who would you invite, and to perform what?

AK: If you offer me unlimited resources, then I can take the liberty of traveling in time. The first concert I would program is the one that I in fact programmed four years ago in Helsinki when I directed the Musica nova Festival. This was such a happy moment of being with and listening to friends that I would love to offer it to more people to enjoy. My closest friend Olly Knussen sadly passed away last summer so the only way this concert could happen is with these unlimited resources.

1:
Peter Lieberson: Shing Kham, percussion concerto (orchestrated by Oliver Knussen)
Mark-Anthony Turnage: On Open Ground, viola concerto
Reinbert de Leeuw: Der nächtlige Wanderer
Finnish Radio Orchestra, conducted by Oliver Knussen (1952-2018), soloists: Pedro Carneiro, percussion and Steven Dann, viola

2:
The second concert would be a trip into history. To meet and hear two of my heroes and to understand how they performed themselves. Schumann’s cello concerto I would have to offer to play myself, because no cellist in his lifetime wanted to play it and he never heard it. Hearing Brahms and his friends perform the Double Concerto would be the ultimate way of understanding his music and the way he performed it himself. So much has changed since those days and there are no records to listen to, we can only guess how it may have been.

Schumann: Cello Concerto, Schumann conducting and myself as soloist
Brahms: Double Concerto, Brahms conducting, Joseph Joachim, violin and Robert Hausmann cello

3:
Arnold Schönberg: Gurrelieder conducted by Schönberg.

I would want to sit in the audience for this concert that was one of the most important moments in the history of music. Plus I would be sitting next to so many incredible people, Berg, Webern, Zemlinsky and many others. And if I had organised the concert I would have the chance to take them all out for dinner afterwards.

CB: That was very illuminating, and it speaks very much about the great breadth of repertoire that is so important to you. Once again, Anssi, thank you very much for coming to Davis to perform this wonderful music with us, and for sharing your very interesting insights with us!

Continue reading “Soloist Profile: Anssi Karttunen in conversation with Christian Baldini”

Concerto, Dance, Music, Tango

Christian Baldini in conversation with Composer Pablo Ortiz

In preparation for the performance of his Concerto for Bandoneon and Orchestra, I had the pleasure of asking composer Pablo Ortiz a few questions about his music, his training, and more.

Christian Baldini: Pablo, it is a real pleasure to feature your music with our orchestra, especially on a concert which showcases the wide aesthetic range that can be found in an entire “Argentina music” program. You studied in Buenos Aires at the Catholic University (just like me), with some of the most important composers of Latin America. Can you tell us about your training there, and how it formed you as the composer that you are today?

Pablo Ortiz: At the Catholic University I was able to work with Gerardo Gandini, who was the most well-known contemporary composer in Argentina, but also, at some point he became the pianist for the sextet of Astor Piazzolla. He has a series of recordings called Postangos, where he improvises on well known standards, just as a jazz pianist would. He was tremendously influential.

CB: Tango has been a source of inspiration for you for a long time. How did this love for this genre start for you? And when did you decide that you would incorporate it into your own language?
PO: When one of my uncles divorced, he came to live with us in my parents’ house, and he brought with him his extensive collection of tango records. He would sit and reminisce, and I would keep him company, becoming acquainted with the great bands of the golden age: Troilo, D’Arienzo, Pugliese, Firpo among others.

CB: In your Concerto for Bandoneon and Orchestra you use a typical structure of a concerto: in three movements, fast, slow, and faster. But your concerto does not sound “typical” or “standard” in any way. How do you go about reinventing yourself for every piece, and creating new sounds with old forms that sound fresh and unconventional?
PO: I do tend to reinvent myself in every piece. I have several different “styles” that correspond to my musical passions: for instance, I love writing for the voices, and my vocal works are different from my instrumental works, or my tango-inflected works.

CB: You wrote this concerto for JP Jofre, who is a wonderful virtuoso. Can you tell us about your relationship with JP and what it is like to make music with him?
PO: JP Jofre is an amazing musician, and he can play everything technically, of course, but his musicality and warmth is off the charts. Essentially, you cannot remain indifferent when he plays. You cannot help but be moved.

CB: It has long been said that music education is suffering in the public school system (in many countries) and that unless we do something, the classical music audience will continue getting smaller and smaller. What are some of the most important things you would point out to a politician or administrator who might have the capacity to do something about this? Why is music still important and relevant nowadays?
PO: I think that people have to realize that there is a rich cultural patrimony that is worth keeping alive. We have treasures, in art, music, theatre, architecture, that we need to preserve for future generations. In Europe, the State is instrumental in keeping this legacy, in this country [the United States], we are more dependent on the kindness of private donors and Universities. Music is important because it makes you feel things, and understand things relying on your intuition.

CB: Many thanks again for sharing your time with us, and especially for sharing your beautiful music with us. It will be a pleasure to share it with our students and our audience!
PO: I am really happy, and honored to have my concert performed at Davis. Thank you!

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Dance, Music, Tango

Christian Baldini in conversation with Tango Virtuoso JP Jofre

One of the great virtuoso bandoneon players visit California to share his artistry with us

I had the pleasure of talking to bandoneon virtuoso and composer JP Jofre, in preparation for our upcoming concert together at UC Davis at the Mondavi Center performing his own Tangódromo, as well as the Bandoneón Concerto by Pablo Ortiz.

Christian Baldini: JP, what a treat to have you with us for this program, in which we are exclusively playing composers from Argentina, thank you for joining us!
JP Jofre: It is my pleasure to share new music with the beautiful people of Davis for the first time.

CB: Tell us about your piece Tangódromo. What is the “seed” for this piece, and what were the circumstances in which you wrote it?
JP: It is originally a suite for string quartet and bandoneon. I write it between 2012 and 2013 inspired by some of my favorites composers such as Piazzolla, Shostakovich and Stravinsky with the need of expanding the bandoneon repertoire. The world premiere was in NYC with the Attacca Quartet, latter on I made the oficial recording with the Catalyst Quartet on an album entitled Bandoneon y Cuerdas.

CB: You’ve been a wonderful champion of composers from Argentina. Can you name a few composers from Argentina that you’ve worked with, and tell us what was special about working with each of them?
JP: I’ve been lucky to work with some wonderful Argentine composers such as Ortiz, Viñao, and Otero and Bruno Cavallaro. With Fernando Otero I made around 200 performances between 2010 and 2015. I learned so much playing his music and going on tour with him that I feel he was one of my main teachers without taking lessons with him.
With Ezequiel Viñao also was a wonderful experience, performing and recording his suite Sonetos de Amor, a very complex, yet gorgeous song cycle for mezzo and chamber ensemble. Collaborating with a living composer is one of the most amazing experiences.

CB: What was your path into music when you were growing up, what (or who) got you started?
JP: Unconsciously I started composing music since very little maybe around 4-5 years old. It was like playing games, for example, I would create a song to sing to my grandma so I would make her laugh. Later on, when I was 15 years old I started more seriously composing on the piano and guitar. First I was very much into rock and pop, I was playing drums on a heavy metal band, but as a teenager about 16-17 years old I fell in love with Dvorak, Leoncavallo (my mother used to play Pagliacci all the time and I loved it), and Albeniz too. Anyways, I have to say there was one composer who made me rethink everything and made me decide what I wanted for my life, that was Piazzolla.

CB: Tell us about the bandoneon. What makes this instrument so special?
JP: It’s basically a portable and expressive organ. I believe the sensitivity of the instrument and the range makes it very special.

CB: Have you ever danced the tango? One would imagine that specializing in this, you are probably a phenomenal dancer, but it’s that the case?
JP: I dance just a bit. It’s a beautiful dance.

CB: Well, it is thanks to wonderful players like you that this instrument and this genre live on, and the great tradition from the masters of the past is passed onto the next generations. Thank you for all that you do to preserve this great art, and for sharing it with us!
JP: Thank you and I can’t wait to play Ortiz’s bandoneon concerto. It’s a wonderful piece that’s deserves to be heard.

For a wonderful feature in the New York Times about Mr. Jofre, visit this link.

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